Strut-and-tie modeling technique is a simple and effective method that can be used as a quick tool for analyzing discontinuous regions (D-region) in reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. It serves practicing engineers to grasp load transfer characteristics to provide good reinforcement details and determine the members' load-carrying capacity very effectively. Since the method is based on the lower bound theorem of plasticity, it can be assured to deliver a safe designed structure. However, strut-and-tie modeling demands a clear understanding of the load path and good skill in visualizing the stress field. Those understandings can be improved by studying several model examples and practicing with various design problems.
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